MainActivity.java

package com.qycx.thetest;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int REQUEST_STORAGE_PERMISSION = 100;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 应用启动时自动请求必要的存储权限
        requestNecessaryStoragePermissions();
    }

    private void requestNecessaryStoragePermissions() {
        // 检查Android 10的常规存储权限
        if (checkStoragePermission()) {
            // 如果已有权限，直接显示提示
            Toast.makeText(this, "存储权限已授权", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            // 否则请求权限
            requestStoragePermission();
        }
    }

    private boolean checkStoragePermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {//对于Android 6.0以下版本，直接返回 true，因为这些版本采用安装时权限机制，默认已授权
            return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            //PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 是Android系统中用于表示权限已被授予的常量。
        }
        return true; // 低于Marshmallow的版本默认授权
    }



    private void requestStoragePermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},//需要请求的权限数组，包含读取和写入外部存储两项权限
                    REQUEST_STORAGE_PERMISSION);//请求码，用于在 onRequestPermissionsResult() 回调中识别特定的权限请求
        }
    }



    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {//requestCode：标识权限请求的代码，用于区分不同的权限请求,permissions：请求的权限数组，grantResults：对应权限的授予结果数组
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_STORAGE_PERMISSION) {
            boolean allGranted = true;
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    allGranted = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (allGranted) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "存储权限已授权", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "存储权限被拒绝", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }


}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_info"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Android 10 文件存储权限演示"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textAlignment="center"
        android:padding="20dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

AndroidMainfest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- Android 10所需的常规存储权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.TheTest"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>